Dream passage HSC English 1st paper

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৮ সেপ, ২০২৪

Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all.

First, let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing.

Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed about the reason and function of dreams, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being.

Next, let's learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories.

Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a representation of subconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams (1899), Freud wrote that dreams are "...disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes."

Freud's theory contributed to the popularity of dream interpretation. Following his paths many theorists came up with their own ideas about dreams. The following are just a few of them:
Some researchers suggest that dreams are a subjective interpretation of signals generated by the brain during sleep. Dreams are not meaningless. Instead, during dreams the cognitive elements in our brain produce new ideas.
One theory suggests that dreams are the result of our brains trying to interpret external stimuli during sleep. For example, the sound of the radio may be incorporated into the content of a dream.
Another theory uses a computer metaphor to account for dreams. According to this theory, dreams serve to 'clean up' clutter from the mind, much like clean-up operations in a computer, refreshing the mind to prepare for the next day.
Yet another model proposes that dreams function as a form of psychotherapy. In this theory, the dreamer is able to make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe environment.

1. Choose the correct answer from the alternative

(a) “ Dreams serve no real purpose”—who suggests it? ("স্বপ্ন কোন বাস্তব উদ্দেশ্য পূরণ করে না" - কে এটি পরামর্শ দেয়?)

(i) some saints (ii) some scientists (iii) some researchers (iv) some intellectuals

(b) We may often find ourselves--- during dream.(স্বপ্নের সময় আমরা প্রায়ই নিজেকে খুঁজে পাই)

(i) perplexed (ii) sorry (iii) sad (iv) sadness

(c) Science itself is still trying to find out exact reason of------ (বিজ্ঞান নিজেই আজও এর সঠিক কারণ খুঁজে বের করার চেষ্টা করছে------)

(i) sleep itself (ii) dream (iii) purpose of dream (iv) content of dream

(d) Freud was a famous----- (ফ্রয়েড একজন বিখ্যাত -----)

(i) social reformer (ii) scientists (iii) researchers (iv) devoted saint

(e) We------ dreams during our sleep.(আমরা -----ঘুমের সময় স্বপ্ন দেখি)

(i) see (ii) experience (iii) acquire (iv) obtain

(f) “Empirical” means------(অভিজ্ঞতামূলক" মানে-)

(i) supernaturally (ii) by miraculously (iii) founded by experience (iv) founded by diligently

(g) While many theories have been proposed , on----- has emerged.(যদিও অনেক তত্ত্ব প্রস্তাব করা হয়েছে, অন---এর আবির্ভাব হয়েছে।)

(i) discord (ii) affirmation (iii) harmony (iv) perfection

(h) What does “reverie” mean?("রিভারি" মানে কি?)

(i) dream (ii) fancy (iii) night fire (iv) a waking dream

(i) Sigmund Freud was a -----(সিগমুন্ড ফ্রয়েড ছিলেন -----)

(i) Physicist (ii) neurotic (iii) psychologist (iv) Palmist

(j) Philosophers have been fascinated by dreams for------(দার্শনিকরা স্বপ্ন দেখে মুগ্ধ হয়েছেন------)

(i) several months (ii) several years (iii) many years (iv) many centuries

2. Answer the following question.

(a) What is a dream?(একটি স্বপ্ন কি?)

(b) What can be the nature of dreams? (স্বপ্নের প্রকৃতি কেমন হতে পারে?)

(d) Why do we dream?(কেন আমরা স্বপ্ন দেখি?)

(e) What has fascinated philosophers for many years?(কি বহু বছর ধরে দার্শনিকদের মুগ্ধ করেছে?)

3. Make a flow – chart showing the different types of dreams.

1.Extraordinarily vivid

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Dream passage HSC English 1st paper

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